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Legacy of Jews in the MENA - World Jewish Congress

Captured 2025-11-22

116

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Legacy of Jews in the MENA - World Jewish Congress

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This web page from the World Jewish Congress provides a comprehensive historical examination of Morocco's Jewish community, tracing its evolution from ancient times through the modern era. The page serves as part of a broader digital archive documenting the "Legacy of Jews in MENA" (Middle East and North Africa), specifically focusing on Morocco's rich and complex Jewish heritage. The primary purpose is to educate readers about the historical significance, cultural contributions, and ultimate diaspora of Moroccan Jewry, which once represented one of North Africa's largest and most influential Jewish communities. The content reveals fascinating historical insights about Morocco's diverse Jewish population, which peaked at 250,000-300,000 by 1945 but has dwindled to fewer than 3,000 today, primarily concentrated in Casablanca. The page explains how Morocco's Jewish community was historically composed of two distinct groups: the *toshavim* (local Jews) and the *megorashim* (Spanish and Portuguese refugees who arrived after the 1492 and 1497 expulsions). The multilingual nature of Moroccan Jews is highlighted, noting their fluency in local Arabic dialects, Tamazight (Berber), and Haketia (Judeo-Spanish). The text emphasizes the community's vital economic role, particularly as merchants and artisans, citing the telling Moroccan adage: "Morocco without Jews is like bread without salt." A significant portion focuses on the transformative impact of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), a French-Jewish educational organization that established its first school in Morocco in 1862. By 1956, the AIU operated 83 schools serving 33,000 Moroccan Jewish students, fundamentally reshaping the community's cultural orientation toward French language and customs. The page discusses how colonial rule under French and Spanish protectorates (beginning in 1912) created complex legal frameworks where Jews navigated multiple judicial systems. The analysis also touches on how some elite Jewish merchants in Essaouira gained exclusive international trading rights from the Sultan, demonstrating their integral role in Morocco's resistance to European economic penetration. The webpage serves as both an academic resource and a memorial to a vanished world, targeting historians, genealogists, and those interested in Jewish diaspora studies. It includes historical photographs, such as an image of AIU school students in Casablanca, and appears to be part of a larger digital humanities project documenting Jewish communities across the MENA region. The page's scholarly approach, citing specific historians like Gottreich (2020), indicates its value for academic research while remaining accessible to general readers interested in North African Jewish history and the broader story of Jewish communities in the Islamic world.

Citation (APA Style)

Legacy of Jews in the MENA - World Jewish Congress. (2025, 11 22). www.worldjewishcongress.org. https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/legacy-of-jews-in-MENA/country/morocco

Technical Metadata

Domain www.worldjewishcongress.org
File Size 1067 KB
Archived 2025-11-22T16:13:42.107737
Document ID #116
Languages 5 available