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Jews of Berber Origin: Myth or Reality?

Captured 2025-11-21

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Jews of Berber Origin: Myth or Reality?

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This academic article, published in *Hamsa: Journal of Judaic and Islamic Studies*, presents a rigorous scholarly examination of the "Judeo-Berber" theory through the lens of onomastics (the study of names). Written by Alexander Beider, the piece critically analyzes the widely-held hypothesis that Jews living in the Maghreb (North Africa) during recent centuries partially descended from Berber tribes who converted to Judaism before the 7th-century Arab invasion. The article's primary focus is to evaluate whether Jewish surnames and given names from the region provide credible evidence for this theory of Berber-Jewish ancestry. Beider's research reveals surprisingly limited evidence for Berber origins in Jewish nomenclature. His comprehensive analysis finds that authentic Berber etymology applies to only one Jewish given name and several dozen Jewish surnames from Morocco, plus a few surnames from eastern Algeria. Crucially, these names appeared exclusively in Jewish communities that used Berber languages as their vernacular, with no evidence of their existence during the medieval period. The author systematically debunks the onomastic arguments put forward by proponents of the Judeo-Berber theory, demonstrating that attempts to link these names to ancient Berber converts to Judaism are "untenable." The article traces the intellectual history of this theory from its inception in the early 20th century, examining how various scholars like Hamet (1928), Eisenbeth (1936), Laredo (1978), and Taïeb (2004) developed and expanded the concept of "Judeo-Berber surnames." Beider notes that this scholarly interest emerged during the French colonial period, when authors began paying particular attention to Berber-Jewish connections, often influenced by ideological considerations of their time. The research methodology focuses strictly on linguistic and historical evidence while deliberately avoiding discussion of authors' ideological motivations. This work represents a significant contribution to both Jewish studies and North African history, offering a methodologically rigorous approach to a contentious topic. The article is structured with detailed sections examining the morphological elements of Berber-based surnames, their linguistic characteristics, and their relationship to broader historical narratives about Jewish settlement in the Maghreb. By focusing exclusively on onomastic evidence and applying strict linguistic analysis, Beider provides scholars with a more nuanced understanding of Jewish-Berber cultural exchange while challenging oversimplified theories about ethnic origins and religious conversion in medieval North Africa.

Citation (APA Style)

Jews of Berber Origin: Myth or Reality?. (2025, 11 21). journals.openedition.org. https://journals.openedition.org/hamsa/693

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Domain journals.openedition.org
File Size 180 KB
Archived 2025-11-21T22:18:37.958190
Document ID #0
Languages 5 available